NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT IS OBSOLETE, PLEASE CHECK THE NEW VERSION: "Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), with Audio Applications --- Second Edition", by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9745607-4-8. - Copyright © 2017-09-28 by Julius O. Smith III - Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford University

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Linear Number Systems for Digital Audio

This section discusses the most commonly used number formats for digital audio.

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Subsections

• Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
• Binary Integer Fixed-Point Numbers
  • One's Complement Fixed-Point Format
  • Two's Complement Fixed-Point Format
  • General Formula for Two's-Complement, Integer Fixed-Point Numbers
  • ''Little Endian'' Formula for Two's-Complement, Integer Fixed-Point Numbers
• Fractional Binary Fixed-Point Numbers
• How Many Bits are Enough for Digital Audio?
• When Do We Have to Swap Bytes When Changing Computers?

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